Dr Arian is a visiting fellow at the Oxford Nizami Ganjavi Centre. She is a postdoctoral research associate at the Centre for Geopolitics and a college research associate at King’s College, Cambridge University. She has a PhD in International Relations from the University of Groningen and has been a post-doctoral fellow at the Department of History of Science at the University of Erfurt, a Lecturer in International Relations at the University of Erfurt and the University of Groningen, and a visiting scholar at the Department of Global History at the Freie Universität Berlin, the Department of International Relations at Universidad de San Francisco de Quito in Ecuador, and at the Orient Institute Beirut of the Max Weber Foundation in Lebanon. Her research focuses on the history and theory of international relations, global encounters, diplomacy, connectivities, and historical and intellectual entanglements, and on questions about knowledge formation, epistemic practices, and their interlinkages with the realm of politics, the exercise of power, and the institution and governance of political orders in the Islamicate/Eurasian world and the Indian Ocean region. She is currently working on her book about the Safavid Empire’s diplomatic interactions with South(east) Asian polities and its governance of knowledge production about encountered peoples in the seventeenth century.